Sleep Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 10 , Pages 1132-1138 , December 2009

Sleep disorders in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) recorded overnight by video-polysomnography

  • Rosalia Silvestri

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anaesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n1, Messina, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +39 0902212289; fax: +39 0902923847.
  • ,
  • Antonella Gagliano

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Irene Aricò

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anaesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n1, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Tiziana Calarese

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Clemente Cedro

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anaesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n1, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Oliviero Bruni

      Affiliations

    • Department of Developmental Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders, Roma, Italy
  • ,
  • Rosaria Condurso

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anaesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n1, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Eva Germanò

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Giuseppe Gervasi

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anaesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n1, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Rosamaria Siracusano

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Giuseppe Vita

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology and Experimental Microbiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • ,
  • Placido Bramanti

      Affiliations

    • IRCCS, Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy

Received 5 October 2008 ,Revised 27 March 2009 ,Accepted 14 April 2009.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth ed. (DSM-IV). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
  2. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(8):1065–1079
  3. Guilleminault C, Korobkin R, Winkle R. A review of 50 children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lung. 1981;159:275–287
  4. Picchietti DL, Underwood DJ, Farris WA, Walters AS, Shah MM, Dahl RE, et al. Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Mov Disord. 1999;14:1000–1007
  5. Picchietti MA, Picchietti DL. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2008;15(2):91–99[Review]
  6. Cortese S, Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Arnulf I, Mouren MC, Darra F, et al. Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of the literature. Sleep. 2005;28(1):1007–1013
  7. Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H, Hogg-Johnson S, Humphries T. Actigraphy and parental ratings of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep. 2001;24(1):303–312
  8. Miano S, Donfrancesco R, Bruni O, Ferri R, Galiffa S, Pagani J, et al. NREM sleep instability is reduced in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep. 2006;29(1):797–803
  9. Chambers WJ, Puig-Antich J, Hirsch M, Paez P, Ambrosini PJ, Tabrizi MA, et al. The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview. Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42:696–702
  10. Conners CK. Conners’ Rating Scales manual. New York: Multi Health Systems; 1989;
  11. Swanson JM. School-based assessments and intervention for ADD students. Irvine, CA: K.C. Publishing; 1992;
  12. Wechsler D. Scala di intelligenza Wechsler per bambini riveduta. Firenze: Organizzazioni Speciali; 1986;
  13. Bruni O, Cortesi F, Giannotti F, Romoli M. Preliminary report on a sleep disturbance questionnaire for school-age children (SDQC). J Sleep Res. 1994;3(Suppl. 1):33
  14. Walters AS. Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord. 1995;10:634–642
  15. Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisir J. Restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003;4:101–119
  16. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Rules, terminology and technical specifications; 2007.
  17. American Thoracic Society. Standards and indications for cardiopulmonary sleep studies in children. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:866–78.
  18. Marcus CL, Omlin KJ, Basinki DJ, Bailey SL, Rachal AB, Von Pechmann WS, et al. Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:1235
  19. Traeger N, Schultz B, Pollock AN, Mason T, Marcus CL, Arens R. Polysomnographic values in children 2–9 years old: additional data and review of the literature. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40:22–30
  20. Abdeldayem HH, Salim OAA. Cognitive function and skills performance of children with attention deficit disorder. Epilepsia. 2005;46(Suppl. 6):179
  21. Holtmann M, Becker K, Kentner-Figura B, Schimdt MH. Increased frequency of rolandic spikes in ADHD children. Epilepsia. 2003;44:1241–1244
  22. Lladò-Carbò E, Carrillo G, Pascual I, Bielsa A. Electroncephalographic abnormalities in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Department of Children Clinical Neurophysiology. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona: Abstract American Epilepsy Society; 2008;
  23. Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Arnulf I, Mouren FC. Iron deficiency in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:1113–1115
  24. Cortese S, Lecendreux M, Bernardina BD, Mouren MC, Sbarbati A, Konofal E. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and restless legs syndrome: the iron hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2008;70:1128–1132
  25. Lecendreux M, Konofal E, Bouvard M, Falissard B, Mouren-Siméoni MC. Sleep and alertness in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41:803–812
  26. Golan N, Shahar E, Ravid S, Pilar G. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. Sleep. 2004;27(15):261–266
  27. Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Hillwig-garcia J, Mahr F, et al. ADHD subtypes and comorbidities: differences in sleep problems. Sleep. 2008;31(Abstract Suppl.):1
  28. Gruber R, Grizenko N, Joober R. Delayed sleep phase syndrome, ADHD, and bright light therapy. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:337–338
  29. Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Bouvard MP, Mouren-Simeoni MC. High levels of nocturnal activity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a video analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;55:97–103
  30. Busby K, Firestone P, Pivik RT. Sleep patterns in hyperkinetic and normal children. Sleep. 1981;4:366–383
  31. Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky R. Sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:637–646
  32. Gruber R, Sadeh A, Raviv A. Instability of sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:495–501
  33. Bullock GL, Schall U. Dyssomnia in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a critical review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39:373–377
  34. Crabtree VM, Ivanenko A, O’Brien LM, Gozal D. Periodic limb movement disorder of sleep in children. J Sleep Res. 2003;12:73–81
  35. O’Brien LM, Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Holbrook CR, Bruner JL, Klaus CJ, et al. Sleep disturbances in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res. 2003;54:237–243
  36. Kirov R, Pillar G, Rothenberger A. REM-sleep changes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: methodologic and neurobiologic considerations. Sleep. 2004;27(15):12–15
  37. Montgomery-Downs HE, O’Brien LM, Gulliver TE, Gozal D. Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and early school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2006;117:741–753
  38. Guilleminault C, Kirisoglu C, da Rosa AC, Lopes C, Chan A. Sleepwalking, a disorder of NREM sleep instability. Sleep Med. 2006;7:163–170
  39. Cortese S, Konofal E, Yateman N, et al. Sleep and alertness in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Sleep. 2006;29(4):504–511
  40. Gamaldo CE, Benbrook AR, Allen RP, Scott JA, Henning WA, Earley CJ. Childhood and adult factors associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) diagnosis. Sleep Med. 2007;8:716–722
  41. Konofal E, Cortese S, Marchand M, Mouren MC, Arnulf I, Lecendreux M. Impact of restless legs syndrome and iron deficiency on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Sleep Med. 2007;8:711–715
  42. Kotagal S, Silber MH. Childhood-onset restless legs syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2004;56:803–807
  43. Stepanova I, Nevsimalova S, Hanusova J. Rhythmic movement disorder in sleep persisting into childhood and adulthood. Sleep. 2005;28(1):851–857
  44. Mayer G, Wilde-Frenz J, Kurella B. Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder revisited. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:110–116
  45. Guilleminault C, Palombini L, Pelayo R, Chervin RD. Sleepwalking and sleep terrors in prepubertal children: what triggers them?. Pediatrics. 2003;111:17–25
  46. Guilleminault C, Lee JH, Chan A, Lopes MC, Huang YS, Da Rosa A. Non-REM-sleep instability in recurrent sleepwalking in pre-pubertal children. Sleep Med. 2005;6:515–521
  47. Lopes MC, Guilleminault C. Chronic snoring and sleep in children: a demonstration of sleep disruption. Pediatrics. 2006;118:741–746
  48. Sangal RB, Owens J, Sangal J. Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without observed apneic episodes in sleep or daytime sleepiness have normal sleep on Polysomnography. Sleep. 2005;28:1143–1148
  49. Cooper J, Tyler L, Wallace I, Burgess KR. No evidence of sleep apnea in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clin Pediatr. 2004;43:609–614
  50. O’Brien LM, Holbrook CR, Mervis CB, Klaus CJ, Bruner JL, Raffield TJ, et al. Sleep and neurobehavioural characteristics of 5–7year old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. Pediatrics. 2003;111:554–563
  51. Karpinski AC, Scullin MH, Montgomery-Downs HE. Risk for sleep-disordered breathing and executive function in preschoolers. Sleep Med. 2008;9:418–424

PII: S1389-9457(09)00221-4

doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.04.003

Sleep Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 10 , Pages 1132-1138 , December 2009