Sleep Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 10 , Pages 1155-1157 , December 2009

The dopaminergic neurons of the A11 system in RLS autopsy brains appear normal

  • Christopher J. Earley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, AAC 1B-82, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 410 550 1044; fax: +1 410 550 3364.
    • ,
  • Richard P. Allen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, AAC 1B-82, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    • ,
  • James R. Connor

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
    • ,
  • Luigi Ferrucci

      Affiliations

    • NIH/NIA, Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Juan Troncoso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Received 18 December 2008 ,Revised 26 January 2009 ,Accepted 29 January 2009.

References 

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  2. Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisir J. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003;4:101–119
  3. Cervenka S, Palhagen SE, Comley RA, Panagiotidis G, Cselenyi Z, Matthews JC, et al. Support for dopaminergic hypoactivity in restless legs syndrome: a PET study on D2-receptor binding. Brain. 2006;129:2017–2028
  4. Clemens S, Rye D, Hochman S. Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective. Neurology. 2006;67:125–130
  5. Connor JR, Boyer PJ, Menzies SL, Dellinger B, Allen RP, Earley CJ. Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 2003;61:304–309
  6. Connor JR, Wang XS, Patton SM, Menzies SL, Troncoso JC, Earley CJ, et al. Decreased transferrin receptor expression by neuromelanin cells in restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 2004;62:1563–1567
  7. Kitahama K, Ikemoto K, Jouvet A, Nagatsu I, Sakamoto N, Pearson J. Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry in the adult human hypothalamus. J Chem Neuroanat. 1998;16:43–55
  8. Ondo WG, Zhao HR, Le WD. Animal models of restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2007;8:344–348
  9. Qu S, Le W, Zhang X, Xie W, Zhang A, Ondo WG. Locomotion is increased in A11-lesioned mice with iron deprivation: a possible animal model for restless legs syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007;66:383–388
  10. Mai JK, Assheuer J, Paxinos G, Atlas of Human Brain, Academic Press, San Diego; 1997.
  11. Qu S, Ondo WG, Zhang X, Xie WJ, Pan TH, Le WD. Projections of diencephalic dopamine neurons into the spinal cord in mice. Exp Brain Res. 2006;168:152–156

PII: S1389-9457(09)00050-1

doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.01.006

Sleep Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 10 , Pages 1155-1157 , December 2009

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