Sleep Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 6 , Pages 697-700 , August 2008

REM sleep behavior disorder and excessive startle reaction to visual stimuli in a patient with pontine lesions

Received 21 May 2007 ,Accepted 9 October 2007.

References 

  1. Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Ettinger MG, Mahowald MW. Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia. Sleep. 1986;9(2):293–308
  2. Mahowald MW, Schenck SH. REM sleep parasomnias. In:  Kryger MH,  Roth T,  Dement WC editor. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 4th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W. M. Saunders; 2005;p. 897–916
  3. Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Mazza S, Doyon J, Montplaisir J. Rapid-eye-movement sleep behavaviour disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:424–432
  4. Brown P, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Britton TC, Day BL, Marsden CD. The hyperekplexias and their relationship to the normal startle reflex. Brain. 1991;114:1903–1928
  5. Shiang R, Ryan SG, Zhu Y-Z, Hahn AF, O’Connell P, Wasmuth JJ. Mutations in the alpha-1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor cause the dominant neurologic disorder, hyperekplexia. Nature Genet. 1993;5:351–357
  6. Rees MI, Lewis TM, Vafa B, Ferrie C, Corry P, Muntoni F, et al. Compound heterozygosity and nonsense mutations in the alpha-1-subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor in hyperekplexia. Hum Genet. 2001;109:267–270
  7. Matsumoto J, Hallet M. Startle syndromes. In:  Marsden CD,  Fahn S editor. Movement Disorders 3. Oxford: Butterworth; 1994;
  8. Brown P, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Britton TC, Day BL, Marsden CD. New observations on the normal auditory startle reflex in man. Brain. 1991;114:1891–1902
  9. Kimber T, Thompson P. Symptomatic hyperekplexia occuring as a result of pontine infarction. Mov Disord. 1997;12(5):814–816
  10. Hochman MS, Chediak AD, Ziffer JA. Hyperekplexia: report of a nonfamilial adult onset case associated with obstructive sleep apnea and abnormal brain nuclear tomography. Sleep. 1994;17:280–283
  11. Kimura K, Tachibana N, Kohyama Jl, Otsuka Y, Fukazawa S, Waki R. A discrete pontine ischemic lesion could cause REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2000;55:894–895
  12. Bakker MJ, van Dijk G, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Tijssen MAJ. Startle syndromes. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:513–524
  13. Brown P, Thompson PD. Electrophysiological aids to the diagnosis of psychogenic jerks, spasms and tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16(4):595–599
  14. Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Shoubridge EA, Andermann E, Li LM, Arnold DL, et al. Spectroscopic imaging of frontal neuronal dysfunction in hyperekplexia. Brain. 1998;121:1507–1512
  15. Vergouwe MN, Tijssen MA, Shiang R, van Dijk JG, al Shahwan S, Ophoff RA, et al. Hyperekplexia-like syndromes without mutations in the GLRA1 gene. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99:172–178
  16. Hayashi T, Tachibana H, Kajii T. Hyperekplexia: pedigree studies in two families. Am J Med Genetics. 1991;40:138–143

PII: S1389-9457(07)00359-0

doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.009

Sleep Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 6 , Pages 697-700 , August 2008