Sleep Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 121-128 , January 2008

Differences in clinical features of upper airway resistance syndrome, primary snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

  • Riccardo A. Stoohs

      Affiliations

    • Somnolab – Dortmund Sleep Disorders Center, Hörder Burgstr. 18, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
    • Somnolab – Essen Sleep Disorders Center, Essen, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address. Somnolab – Dortmund Sleep Disorders Center, Hörder Burgstr. 18, 44263 Dortmund, Germany. Tel.: +49 231 94113040; fax: +49 231 94113030.
    • ,
  • Lennart Knaack

      Affiliations

    • Somnolab – Dortmund Sleep Disorders Center, Hörder Burgstr. 18, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
    • ,
  • Hans-Christian Blum

      Affiliations

    • Somnolab – Dortmund Sleep Disorders Center, Hörder Burgstr. 18, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
    • Somnolab – Essen Sleep Disorders Center, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Jaroslaw Janicki

      Affiliations

    • Somnolab – Essen Sleep Disorders Center, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Winfried Hohenhorst

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany

Received 15 July 2006 ,Revised 8 January 2007 ,Accepted 11 February 2007.

References 

  1. Guilleminault C, Stoohs R, Clerk A, Cetel M, Maistros P. A cause of daytime sleepiness: the upper airway resistance syndrome. Chest. 1993;104:781–787
  2. Douglas NJ. Upper airway resistance syndrome is not a distinct syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1413–1416
  3. Gold AR, Marcus CL, Dipalo F, Gold MS. Upper airway collapsibility during sleep in upper airway resistance syndrome. Chest. 2002;121:1531–1540
  4. Guilleminault C, Do Kim Y, Chowdhuri S, Horita M, Ohayon M, Kushida C. Sleep and daytime sleepiness in upper airway resistance syndrome compared to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:838–847
  5. Guilleminault C, Li K, Chen NH, Poyares D. Two-point palatal discrimination in patients with upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and normal control subjects. Chest. 2002;122:866–870
  6. Gold AR, Dipalo F, Gold MS, O’Hearn D. The symptoms and signs of upper airway resistance syndrome: a link to the functional somatic syndromes. Chest. 2003;123:87–95
  7. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1968;
  8. American Sleep Disorders Association Atlas Task Force EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Sleep 1992;15:173–184.
  9. Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep 1999;22:667–689.
  10. Johnson PL, Edwards N, Burgess KR. Detection of increased upper airway resistance during overnight polysomnography. Sleep. 2005;28(1):85–90
  11. Guilleminault C, Kirisoglu C, Poyares D, Palombini L, Leger D, Farid-Moayer M, et al. Upper airway resistance syndrome: a long-term outcome study. J Psychiatr Res. 2006;40:273–279
  12. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1378–1384
  13. Guilleminault C, Faul JL, Stoohs R. Sleep-disordered breathing and hypotension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1242–1247
  14. Guilleminault C, Briskin JG, Greenfield MS, Silvestri R. The impact of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on breathing during sleep. Sleep. 1981;4(3):263–278
  15. Loube DI, Andrada TF. Comparison of respiratory polysomnographic parameters in matched cohorts of upper airway resistance and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Chest. 1999;115:1519–1524
  16. Loehrl TA, Smith TL, Darling RJ, Torrico L, Prieto TE, Shaker R, et al. Autonomic dysfunction, vasomotor rhinitis, and extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;126:382–387
  17. Guilleminault C, Poyares D, Rosa A, Huang YS. Heart rate variability, sympathetic and vagal balance and EEG arousals in upper airway resistance and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndromes. Sleep Med. 2005;6:451–457
  18. Chervin RD. Epworth sleepiness scale?. Sleep Med. 2003;4:175–176
  19. Nguyen AT, Baltzan MA, Small D, Wolkove N, Guillon S, Palayew M. Clinical reproducibility of the Epworth sleepiness scale. J Clin Sleep Med. 2006;2:170–174
  20. Johns MW. A new method of measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540–545

☆ None of the authors have any financial or other potential conflict of interest associated with this investigation. Riccardo Stoohs, MD is an unpaid and non-share holding board member of the Siesta Group, Vienna.

PII: S1389-9457(07)00084-6

doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.02.010

Sleep Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 121-128 , January 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution