Sleep Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Pages 323-332 , July 2001

Effects of zaleplon or triazolam with or without ethanol on human performance

  • Timothy Roehrs

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-313-916-5177; fax: +1-313-916-5167
    • ,
  • Leon Rosenthal

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
    • ,
  • Gail Koshorek

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
    • ,
  • Richard M Mangano

      Affiliations

    • Wyeth–Ayerst Research, Radnor, PA, USA
    • ,
  • Thomas Roth

      Affiliations

    • Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA

Received 21 December 1999 ,Revised 20 April 2000 ,Accepted 13 July 2000.

References 

  1. Beer B, Clody DE, Mangano R, Levner M, et al.  A review of the preclinical development of zaleplon, a novel non-benzodiazepine hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia. CNS Drug Rev. 1997;3:207–224
  2. Rosen AS, Fournie P, Darwish M, Danjou P, et al.  Zaleplon pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1999;20:171–175
  3. Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, von Moltke LL, Ehrenberg BL, et al.  Comparative kinetics and dynamics of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996;64:553–561
  4. Sanger DJ, Morel E, Perault G. Comparison of the pharmacological profiles of the hypnotic drugs, zaleplon and zolpidem. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;313:35–42
  5. Beer B, Leni JR, Wu WH, Clody D, et al.  A placebo-controlled evaluation of single, escalating doses of zaleplon (CL 248,846), a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic. J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;43:335–344
  6. Fry J, Scharf MB, Berkowitz DV, Brown DW, et al.  A phase 111, 28 day, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparator- and placebo-controlled, parallel-group safety, tolerability, and efficacy study of 5, 10, and 20 mg zaleplon, compared with 10 mg of zolpidem or placebo in adult outpatients with insomnia. Abstract Sleep. 1998;21:S262
  7. Walsh JK, Fry J, Erwin CW, Scharf M, et al.  Efficacy and tolerability of 14-day administration of zaleplon 5 mg and 10 mg for the treatment of primary insomnia. Clin Drug Invest. 1998;16:347–354
  8. Roth T, Roehrs TA, Vogel GW, Dement WC. Evaluation of hypnotic medications. In:  Prien RF,  Robinson DS editor. Clinical evaluation of psychotropic drugs, principles and guidelines. New York: Raven Press; 1995;p. 579–592
  9. Nicholson A. Hypnotics: clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. In: In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine, 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1994;p. 355–363
  10. Roth T, Roehrs TA, Fortier J, Koshorek G, et al.  Dose response effects of a new hypnotic in insomniacs. Abstract Sleep Res. 1995;24:53
  11. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human sleep. Los Angeles, CA: Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, 1968.
  12. Carskadon MA, Dement WC, Mitler MM, Roth T, et al.  Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. Sleep. 1968;9:519–528
  13. Bishop C, Roehrs T, Rosenthal L, Roth T. Alerting effects of methylphenidate under basal and sleep-deprived conditions. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;5:344–352
  14. Roehrs T, Timms V, Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A, Buzenski R, et al.  Polysomnographic, performance, and personality differences of sleepy and alert normals. Sleep. 1990;13:395–402
  15. Roehrs T, Merlotti L, Zorick F, Roth T. Sedative, memory and performance effects of hypnotics. Psychopharmacology. 1994;116:130–134
  16. Roehrs T, Beare D, Zorick F, Roth T. Sleepiness and ethanol effects on simulated driving. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994;18:154–158
  17. Roehrs T, Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A, Knox M, Moskowitz H, et al.  Sedating effects of ethanol and time of drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992;16:553–557
  18. Roth T, Kramer M, Lutz T. The effects of hypnotics, performance, and subjective state. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1977;1:279–286

PII: S1389-9457(00)00067-8

Sleep Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Pages 323-332 , July 2001

Article Tools