Sleep Medicine
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 163-167 , 1 April 2000

Periodic leg movements are not more prevalent in insomnia or hypersomnia but are specifically associated with sleep disorders involving a dopaminergic impairment

References 

  1. Coleman RM. Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and restless legs syndrome. In:  Guilleminault C editors. Sleeping and waking disorders: indications and techniques. Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley; 1982;p. 265–295
  2. American Sleep Disorders Association. The international classification of sleep disorders (revised) Diagnosis and coding manual. Rochester, MN. 1997.
  3. Lugaresi E, Coccagna G, Besti-Ceroni G, Ambrosetto C. Particularités cliniques et polygraphiques du syndrome d'impatience des membres inférieurs. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1965;113:545–555
  4. Coleman RM, Pollak CP, Weitzman ED. Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): relation to sleep disorders. Ann Neurol. 1980;8:416–421
  5. Coleman RM, Bliwise DL, Sajben N, de Bruyn L, et al.  Epidemiology of periodic movements during sleep. In:  Guilleminault C,  Lugaresi E editor. Sleep/wake disorders. Natural history, epidemiology and long term evolution. New York: Raven Press; 1983;p. 217–229
  6. Lamphere J, Young D, Roehrs T, Wittig RM, et al.  Fragmented sleep, daytime somnolence and age in narcolepsy. Clin Electroenceph. 1989;20:49–54
  7. Moscovitch A, Partinen M, Guilleminault C. The positive diagnosis of narcolepsy and narcolepsy's borderland. Neurol. 1993;43:55–60
  8. Mahowald MW, Schenck CH. REM sleep behavior disorder. In:  Kryger MH,  Roth T,  Dement WC editor. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 2nd Ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1997;p. 574–588
  9. Lapierre O, Montplaisir J. Polysomnographic features of REM sleep behavior disorder: development of a scoring method. Neurology. 1992;42:1371–1374
  10. Fry JM, DiPillipo MA, Pressman MR. Periodic leg movements in sleep following treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 1989;96:89–91
  11. Briellmann RS, Mathis J, Bassetti C, Guggerm S, et al.  Patterns of muscle activity in legs in sleep apnea patients before and during a NCPAP. Eur Neurol. 1997;38:113–118
  12. Youngetedt SD, Krypke DF, Klauber MR, Sepulveda RS, et al.  Periodic leg movements during sleep and sleep disturbances in elders. J Gerontol. 1998;53:391–394
  13. Mendelson WB. Are periodic leg movements associated with clinical sleep disturbance?. Sleep. 1996;19:219–223
  14. Nicolas A, Lespérance P, Montplaisir J. Is excessive daytime sleepiness with periodic leg movements during sleep a specific diagnostic category?. Eur Neurol. 1998;40:22–26
  15. Bixler EO, Kales A, Vela-Bueno A, Jacoby JA, et al.  Nocturnal myoclonus and nocturnal myoclonic activity in a normal population. Res Comm Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1982;36:129–140
  16. Ancoli-Israël S, Kripke DF, Mason W, Kaplan OJ. Sleep apnea and periodic movements in sleep in an aging sample. J Gerontol. 1985;40:419–425
  17. Bliwise DL, Petta D, Seidel W, Dement WC. Periodic leg movements during sleep in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1985;4:273–281
  18. Crook TH, Kupfer DJ, Hoch CC, Reynolds III CF. Treatment of sleep disorders in the elderly. In:  Meltzer HY editors. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press; 1987;p. 1159–1165
  19. Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Poirier G, Lavigne G, et al.  Clinical polysomnographic and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria. Mov Disord. 1996;12:61–65
  20. Michaud M, Chabli A, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J. Arm restlessness in patients with restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2000;15:289–293
  21. Boivin DB, Montplaisir J, Poirier G. The effects of L-Dopa on periodic leg movements and sleep organization in narcolepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1989;12(4):339–345
  22. Dickell MJ, Mosko SS. Morbidity cut-offs of sleep apnea and periodic leg movments in predicting subjective complaints in seniors. Sleep. 1990;13:155–166
  23. Mosko SS, Dickel MJ, Paul T, Latour T, et al.  Sleep apnea and sleep-related periodic leg movements in community resident seniors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36:502–508
  24. Sforza E, Nicolas A, Lavigne G, Gosselin A, et al.  EEG and cardiac activation during periodic leg movements in sleep: support for a hierarchy of arousal responses. Neurology. 1999;52(4):786–791
  25. Hening W, Allen R, Earley C, Kushida C, et al.  The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorders. Sleep. 1999;22:970–999
  26. Bédard M-A, Montplaisir J, Godbout R, Lapierre O. Nocturnal gamma-hydroxybutyrate: effect on periodic leg movements and sleep organization of narcoleptic patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1989;12:29–36
  27. Montplaisir J, Lorrain D, Godbout R. Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep: the primary role of dopaminergic mechanism. Eur Neurol. 1991;31:41–43
  28. Staedt J, Stoppe G, Kogler A, Riemann H, et al.  Single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging of dopamine D2 receptors in the course of dopamine replacement therapy in patients with nocturnal myoclonus syndrome. J Neural Trans. 1995;99:187–193
  29. Turjansky N, Lees A, Brooks DJ. Striatal dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome: 18F-dopa and 11C-raclopride PET. Neurology. 1999;52(5):932–937
  30. Groves PM, Tepper JM. Neuronal mechanisms of action of amphetamine. In:  Creese I editors. Stimulants: neurochemical, behavioral and clinical perspectives. New York: Raven Press; 1983;p. 81–129
  31. Guilleminault C, Heinzer R, Mignot E, Black J. Investigations into the neurologic basis of narcolepsy. Neurology. 1998;50(2 Suppl. 1):S8–S15
  32. Eisensehr R, Linke R, Tatsch K, Noachtar S. Reduced striatal dopamine transporters in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 1999;22(Suppl. 1):S337–S338
  33. Schenck CH, Garcia-Rille E, Segall M, Noreen H, et al.  HLA class II genes associated with REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 1996;39:261–263
  34. Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed as idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 1996;46:388–393
  35. Wong DF, Wagner HN, Dannals RF, Links JM, et al.  Effects of age on dopamine and serotonin receptors measured by positron tomography in the living human brain. Science. 1984;226:1393–1396

PII: S1389-9457(00)00014-9

Sleep Medicine
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 163-167 , 1 April 2000

Article Tools